10.25.10
Today, we reviewed bacteria and viruses at the beginning of class.
Friday's the test. Monday's the project.
Research Bacillus subtilis
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM:
There are three layers of defenses against pathogens. (Look at the chart on page 15 of your notes packet)
The defenses can either be specific or non-specific.
Non-specific defenses are the first line of defense and the second line. They are not specific because they do not know what is attacking them and will attack anything. rawr.
Specific defense is the third line of defense. It has specific jobs to kill specific diseases.
I. Nonspecific DefensesA.External Barriers-Set of physical barriers and chemical agents that prevent invaders from penetrating deep inside.Examples:
1. Hair and mucus
2. sweat, saliva, tears.
i. These are PUSHING the unidentified stuff out. They contain lysozyome
B. Internal Defenses-these are put into play when the invader gets past the external barriers.
types of internal defenses:
1.Neotrophils
2.Macrophages
3.Natural killers/cytotoxic cells (these are not the same as killer T cells.)
4.Complement proteins
C. Interferon
1.Neotrophils
2.Macrophages
3.Natural killers/cytotoxic cells (these are not the same as killer T cells.)
4.Complement proteins
C. Interferon
II. Inflammatory Response
A. White blood cells.
1. They eat bacteria. They don't care what kind of bacteria, they just eat it. So, it's non specific.
i. Since they eat a lot of bacteria, they have a lot of lysosomes, to help breakdown the food
2. White blood cells do not clot the injury. That is the platelets job.
i. If the platelets clot too fast, meaning it doesn't allow the white blood cells to finish eating the bacteria, that causes infection.
B. Players of the Inflammatory Response.
1. Histamines. Causes vessels to dilate and leak fluid into wounded tissue, SWELLS.
i. Swelling is GOOD. Helps dilute toxins and bring extra oxygen
Using cell signaling, a healthy cell makes proteins which inhibit viral replication, meaning it kills off the exported viruses that the bad cell releases.
2. Prostaglandins. Inscreases blood flow to the wound area = RED and WARM.
i. Also sends pain signals to brain. AH! Brain, help me!3. Pyrons. travel to the hypothalamus (it's in the brain and it analyzes your blood.) They cause a low fever which is GOOD because the heat makes the enzymes work faster.
III. Lymphatic System
A. Two main functions
1. To return tissue fluid to circulatory syste
2. To fight infection.
It's a highway of vessels that touches upon every part of your body so they can react fast when tissue is damaged.
Scribe: Aliza R.
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